Kūʻai kūʻai nui i ke one silica maloʻo maoli
Introduction to substances
ʻAʻole pili ke one silica a me ke one quartz i nā ʻano mea like, ʻo nā mea ʻelua he silica ka mea nui, akā ʻo ke one quartz he aniani, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ka pōhaku quartz, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ke one silica mai ke one i loko o ka silica a me ka ʻiliʻili. ʻOkoʻa ka hiʻohiʻona o nā mea ʻelua, ʻokoʻa hoʻi ke ʻano hana, ʻo ke kumu o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka Kina ma ka pākēneka maʻiʻo no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke one quartz Kina, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke one quartz Kina ma mua o ka silica o Kina. one one, no laila ua kuhi hewa ko mākou ʻāina i ke one quartz i ʻike ʻia ʻo ke one silica, a i ʻole ke one silica i ʻike ʻia ʻo ke one quartz, ʻo ia ka mea nui no ka hana aniani.Loaʻa ke one silica maʻamau, ke one silica hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ke one silica maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe.Aia ma waena o 90% a me 99% ka ʻike o ka silica i loko o ke one silica maʻamau, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hao oxide ma lalo o 0.02%;ʻO ka maʻiʻo o ka silica i loko o ke one silica i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma waena o 99% a me 99.5%, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hao oxide ma lalo o 0.015%;ʻO ka ʻike silica i loko o ke one quartz maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe ma waena o 99.5% a me 99.9%, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hao oxide ma lalo o 0.001%.ʻO ke one silica me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe he milky keʻokeʻo, ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka haumia, ʻike ʻia ke one silica brownish-ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula māmā a me nā kala ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka heheʻe o ke one silica ma kahi o 1750 °C, ʻo ka nui o ka nui ma waena o 0.02mm ~ 3.35mm, hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā waikawa ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka waika hydrofluoric, me ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi, ka insulation uila, ka pale ʻana a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina hana aniani nui o ka honua, e like me ka Soviet Union, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Belgium a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana i ke one silica maoli.ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ke one silica maoli ma Kina, a ʻo ke one silica i hana ʻia e ka quartz sandstone crushing e hoʻohana mau ʻia e like me ka mea maka no ke aniani.
Ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu kumu o nā kumulāʻau silika, hoʻokani ʻo silica i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā mea waiwai silika.Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona kino a me nā kemika, no laila ke noho nei ia i kahi kūlana pivotal i ka mokulele, aerospace, uila, mīkini a me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana IT i kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o kona ʻano kaulahao mole kūloko, ke ʻano aniani a me ke kānāwai hoʻololi lattice, i loaʻa ka wela kiʻekiʻe. kū'ē, liʻiliʻi thermal hoʻonui coefficient, insulation kiʻekiʻe, corrosion kū'ē, piezoelectric hopena, resonance hopena a me kona kū hoʻokahi 'ano optical waiwai, e pāʻani ana i ka hana nui i loko o nā huahana kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana, e like me nā huahana ʻenehana kumu o ka ʻoihana IT - Computer chips, fiber optical, resonators no ka ʻoihana uila, nā kumu kukui uila hou, nā mea hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa kiʻekiʻe-insulation, nā mea hana aerospace, nā huahana ʻenehana koa, nā aniani optical kūikawā, nā mea hana loiloi kemika, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Ke one silika
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke one silica kūlohelohe i ke one holoi ʻia, ke one i holoi ʻia, koho ʻia (flotation) one, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana nui ʻia ke one holoi ʻia i ka ʻoihana hoʻolei, hoʻohana nui ʻia ke one i ka hana ʻana i nā aniani a me nā ipu aniani. ka mea maka no ka hana ana i ke aniani lana.
Nā kikoʻī maʻamau
ʻO nā kikoʻī maʻamau o ke one silica: 1-2mm, 2-4mm, 4-8mm, 8-16mm, 16-32mm, 10-20 mesh, 20-40 mesh, 40-80 mesh, 100-120 mesh, 200 mesh, 325 mesh, SiO2≥99-99.5% Fe2O3≤0.02-0.015%.
Nā wahi noi
ʻO ke one silica he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ʻoihana mineral maka, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke aniani, ka hoʻolei ʻana, nā seramika a me nā refractory, metallurgy, kūkulu hale, ʻoihana kemika, plastics, rubber, abrasives a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
1. Ke aniani: ke aniani pālahalaha, ke aniani lana, nā huahana aniani (nā ipu aniani, nā ʻōmole aniani, nā paipu aniani, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), ke aniani optical, ke aniani fiber, nā mea aniani, ke aniani conductive, ka lole aniani a me ke aniani kūikawā anti-ray ka mea nui maka. mea waiwai
2. ʻO nā seramika a me nā mea refractory: nā blanks a me nā aniani o ka porcelain, nā pōhaku silika kiʻekiʻe no nā kiln, nā pōhaku silika maʻamau a me nā mea maka no ka silicon carbide.
3. Metallurgy: nā mea maka a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohui a me nā fluxes o ka metala silika, ferrosilicon alloy a me silicon aluminum alloy
4. Ke kūkuluʻiaʻana: nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā mea hana alanui, ka marble artificial, nā mea nānā i ka waiwai kino o ke kino (ʻo ia hoʻi ke one maʻamau), a me nā mea'ē aʻe. , pauka silica amorphous
6. Mīkini: nā mea waiwai nui o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke one, nā mea wili (sandblasting, pepa paʻakikī paʻakikī, sandpaper, emery cloth, etc.)
7. Electronics: kiʻekiʻe-maʻemaʻe silika metala, optical fiber no ke kamaʻilio, etc
8. Rubber, plastic: filler (hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu)
9. Hoʻopili: hoʻopiha (hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana o ka waikawa o ka uhi)
10. Aviation, aerospace: kona intrinsic molecular chain structure, crystal shape a me ka lattice change law, a he kiʻekiʻe ka pale wela, liʻiliʻi thermal expansion coefficient, corrosion resistance, insulation kiʻekiʻe, piezoelectric effect, resonance effect a me kona mau hiʻohiʻona optical.
Nā noi ʻenehana
1. Hoʻohana i ke aniani: e like me ka ʻike o ke one silica, ka maʻemaʻe a me ka haku mele ʻana o ke aniani, hiki ke hana ʻia ke one silica i nā ʻano aniani like ʻole, e like me ke aniani silica soda-lime maʻamau, ke aniani kala me ka kala, ke aniani optical hiki ke hana. e hoʻololi i ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻolaha māmā, ke aniani kūikawā me nā hana kūikawā, ke aniani insulation thermal, ke aniani vacuum, ke aniani conductive, a me nā mea aniani i hana ʻia i ke aniani, nā mea hana i kēlā me kēia lā, e like me nā aniani, nā aniani, nā kīʻaha umu microwave, nā pale kelepona paʻalima, etc. .
2, i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā seramika: ʻo ka keʻokeʻo o nā seramika he hopena koʻikoʻi loa i ka maikaʻi o nā seramika, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kona keʻokeʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i kahi one silica i nā kumu ceramic, a ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke one silica, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i ke one silica. e hoʻemi i ka manawa maloʻo o ke kino ʻōmaʻomaʻo ceramic, e pale i ka haki ʻana ma muli o ka maloʻo lohi, i ka manawa like, ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke one silica, e nalowale ka ʻili o ka ʻili o ka ceramic, no laila ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ke one silica e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka maikaʻi o nā seramika. .Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke one silica i loko o nā ceramics, hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ke one silica e hana i ke one silica i ka pauka, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka enamel, a ʻo ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka enamel he mau koi kiʻekiʻe no ka maʻemaʻe o ke one silica.
3.Application i ka hoʻolei ʻana: ʻO ke one silica he mau waiwai kūikawā i ka physics, e like me ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela, ka paʻakikī a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, no laila he mau noi nui i ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā cores mold a me nā mold.I ka hana ʻana i nā seramika, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā koi hoʻohui kemika o ke one silica, akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻolei ʻana no nā waiwai kino o ke one silica, e like me ka nui o ka nui a me ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana one silica.
4. Hoʻohana i ka aerospace: No ka mea he hopena piezoelectric maikaʻi ke one silica, ka insulation kiʻekiʻe, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā mea ʻē aʻe, no laila he mau mea koʻikoʻi loa i ka mokulele a me ka aerospace.
5, nā noi hana: ke one silica i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka noi ka mea maʻamau, e like me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale a me nā alanui, i ka sima, ka pāpaʻi e hoʻohui i kahi ʻāpana o ke one, hiki ke hana i ka pā, alanui ikaika, i pale i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā māwae, ke one silica i hoʻopili ʻia i ka hale, aia kekahi mau koi no ka nui o nā ʻāpana, e like me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale, ke one silica i hui pū ʻia me ka sima ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka pale one, no laila aia kekahi mau koi no nā waiwai kino. o ke one silika.
6. ʻO nā noi'ē aʻe: Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ke one silica i ke aniani, ka seramika, ka hoʻoleiʻana, ke kūkuluʻana, a me nā mea'ē aʻe, aia kekahi mau mea kūikawā'ē aʻe, e like me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea abrasive e like me ke one a me ka gauze;ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke one silica i nā plastics hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā plastics;ʻO nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi Quartz i hana ʻia me ka silica ka iwi o ke ala nui ʻike;quartz cuvettes, quartz crucibles, etc. i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā hale hana;ʻO nā kāhiko agate i hana ʻia mai ka agate me nā ʻāpana kala a i ʻole nā apo i ka quartz.
Nā noi ma ke kahua o ke kaiapuni
ʻO kekahi hoʻohana koʻikoʻi o ke one silica he mea kānana a me ka pahu kānana no ka mālama wai.Me ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai o Kina, hoʻomau ʻia nā ʻoihana like ʻole, a ke puka mai nei ka pilikia o ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka wai: hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia ka wai ʻino o ka ʻoihana, hoʻahu ʻia nā ʻōpala o ke kūlanakauhale i loko o ka muliwai, a me nā pesticides i kāpī ʻia i nā wahi kuaʻāina e kahe i ka muliwai me ka wai ua. etc., ka hopena i ka nui o na mea ino iloko o ka wai, a aole hiki i ke kanaka ke inu i keia mau wai haumia loa.Hoʻokuʻu pololei ʻia kekahi o nā wai ʻōpala ʻoihana o Kina i loko o ka muliwai me ka mālama ʻole ʻia, a ʻo kekahi wai ʻino i mālama ʻia e hoʻokuʻu pololei ʻia i loko o ka muliwai inā ʻaʻole i kūpono i ke kūlana aupuni, a haʻahaʻa loa ka hiki ke mālama ʻia o ka wai.I ka pane ʻana i kēia kūlana, ua hana ʻo Kina i nā noiʻi he nui, a ua aʻo mau ʻia nā nanomaterials, nā mea kalapona porous, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻopili i nā ion metala ʻino a me nā mea organik i ka wai ʻino.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā adsorbents paʻa e hoʻoneʻe i nā ion pōʻino i loko o ka wai ʻino he mea nui ia o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino, akā ua lilo ka hana hou ʻana o nā adsorbents i hoʻohana ʻia i pilikia.Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o nā adsorbents me nā hopena maikaʻi a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ke ao holoʻokoʻa i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā.Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ke one silica a maʻalahi, a ʻo ke aʻo ʻana i nā adsorbents me ke one silica e like me ka mea nui e hāʻawi i kumu no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilikia o ka haumia wai.No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke one silica ma ke ʻano he mea maka no ke aʻo ʻana i kona kūlana ili, ka hana adsorption a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe he mea nui no ka mālama ʻana i ka haumia wai a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kaiapuni.